Summary document of my study
My project is how the director and script writer use film skills to change character’s emotion is depicted in film. My research question is to explore how other directors present characters’ emotion changing. I have to learn director skills from other directors and their works. Then I would practice these skills by myself.
In general, film worker can present character’s emotional change through the shot and the edit. However, it is a very fuzzy concept, because we still don’t know how to shot or edit. There are a large number of definite and practical skills I don’t know yet. So I find some books to read in the first place. I read Judith Weston’s book The Film Director’s Intuition: Script Analysis and Rehearsal Techniques[Weston, J. 2003.]. In this book she said: Rehearsal is necessary and the director need to shape the scene, decides which scene is an important detail of characters. She believes detail is very important to director. Just like shape of the scene, character’s voice, color of costume, etc. These details looks not very negligible. In fact, the opposite is true: Details in the film can influence and change character’s emotion.
[001. Threaten. A short work by picture. 2012]
After reading this book, I do some practice to use some specific details. I make a short film [Threaten]. In this film, I set a water tap still streaming, it symbolizes the event is happening. I set a knife on the cake shows dangers are hidden in the peace. The sweat on the male character’s head shows he becomes more and more nervous.
I summarized some types of “detail” in the film: scene detail, sound detail, image detail, color detail, plot detail. Director can present character’s emotion through set these details. It means if the details have changed. Maybe the character’s emotion has changed as well.
During research details in the film, I find that sound detail is very interesting point, especially voice-over. I never consider about the effect of voice-over in the film before. So I decide to do some research on it in PGD phase. Firstly I watch some films like [Flipped], [The Grandmaster] and [Duel], the voice-over in these films not only present character’s emotion, but also an important part of the story.
[002. Friendship. 2013 & Questionnaire]
When I realize voice-over is a very useful skill to present the change of character’s emotion, I write a screenplay immediately. The story is happened among three friends. They talk with each other very amicable, however, they didn’t like each other in mind. I use voice-over to show their state of mind.
I also want to know how audiences think about the voice-over in the film. So I designed a questionnaire to investigate it. About 20 people joined in this investigation. Everyone watched my film first, and then they would complete my questionnaire. I find most people are very interested in the voice-over. Because the audiences’ idea is different, they can understand the voice-over by their own way. Some people think the film is about human nature, someone believes this is a story about hypocritical.
According to the result of questionnaire, I find a lot of people want to see how subtitle and body language show character’s emotion in the film. According to this result, I do some more research on the subtitle and body language in the film. I watch some film like Eight Below[2006], Quill[2004] and Hachi: a Dog’s Tale[2009]. In these films, character cannot speak because they are animals, they use body language to show their emotion. The body language is even more effective than normal language. Sometimes people will not show their emotion by talking. However, they will present it by body language because they haven’t realize they already did it.
[003. Can. 2013]
Subtitle is a very unusual way. Because when audience watching film, they don’t want to spend time on reading words. But what if the character is not a human, even not an animal? How can we show a lifeless object’s emotion in the film?(we assume it has emotion in the film) In this case, subtitle can still be considered to be a good way to use for the director.
In my short film [Can], the can is the main character. It was discarded by a man. It feels very sad and painful. The can also has emotion in this film. I use the title to show its emotion and change of its emotional.
In MA phase, I want to learn director skills from other director. And I want to write some screenplay to explore how the script writer show character’s emotion changing in the film. I wrote a screenplay named [Man and Woman] in the beginning. I find another director, my friend Susan, to direct it with me. We shoot it together, the actor is identical, but the storyboard is different. After the stage of shoot, we edit it respectively. So this film has two versions. The name of Susan’s version is [What a Day]. Through this cooperation, I understand that different director has a different idea of the script. They will use very unique skills to make the film.
[004. Man and Woman & What a day. 2013]
Susan designs a very interesting detail for this film: Let the character talk to a doll. This design makes this scene more funny. And we can understand the girl’s emotion is very lonely and despondence here.
According to this work, I know I can learn a lot of things from other directors. So I decide to analyze some films in this phase. I select six different types films to analyze: Amour(2012), Bucket List(2007), Citizen Kane(1941), Milk(2008), Despicable me(2010) and Goodfellas(1990). One of the reason I choose these six films is they are different types: Animation and Crime, Goodfellas is Crime, Milk is Biography and Drama, Citizen Kane is Drama and Mystery, Amour is Drama and Romance, Bucket List is Adventure, Drama and Comedy. The second reason is they are all very famous and classic.
I studied these films, and I find a lot of special direct skills from them. I gather up 29 direct skills in my analysis article. I list some of them here: 1. Film life details 2. Use piano and music 3. Long time dialogue about memory 4. Use some interrelated events and things 5. Conflict 6. Use philosophy 7. Contrast(good life&bad sick/ coffee&Chemotherapy) 8. Special narrative style and editting 9. Beautiful scenery 10. Romantic event
After finishing this research, I want to write another script. So I write a horror script named Curse. Then I want to test my script so I find my best friend Haik, who studies on horror film, to shoot this film. He thinks this is a very good script He decides to film it. I was his assistant director in this film. We discussed with each other about the script many times, we wrote a second draft script and the film’s name is Karma final. Through this film work, I learned a lot of horror film direct skills. Just like: use horror music, use dusky light.
After the filmming work, I need to do some more test on my script. I invite two audience to read the script first. They thought the theme of the first draft and the second draft is different. One of them thought the first draft is more interesting, and another considered the second draft is more attractive. Then they watched film. They all thought the film is very good, the director has presented the theme of the script. On the other hand, they believe I can add more details about “magic” in the script. And the color of the film should be more colorful.
I think write a script is the best way to conclude my research because I can use the skills that I learn, and wrote them in the script. Film skill is not only include direct skills, but also includes many aspects of this field. I already shot several short films this year. Through these practices and my research work, I have grasped a lot of film skills which can help me to present character’s emotion in the film. In order to use these skills more proficient, I design a script and use film skills in it. This is the reason why I conclude my research by writing a script.
References
Books:
Akers, W. M. 2008. Your Screenplay Sucks! : 100 Ways to Make It Great
Shao, Q. (2007). Audio-visual Language. Beijing, China: Communication university of China Press.
Pepperman, R. D. (2004). The eye is quicker: film editing: making a good film better. USA: Michael Wiese Productions.
Movies:
Alfred Hitchcock. 1960. Psycho
Amour, 2012, Drama/ Romance, Michael Haneke
Ann Lee. 1994. Eat drink man women
Ashes of Time, 1994, Action/Drama, Kar Wai Wong.
Citizen Kane, 1942, Drama/Mystery, Orson Welles
Despicable Me, 2010, Action/Comedy/Crime, Pierre Louis Padang Coffin & Chris Renaud
Eight Below, 2006, Adventure/Family, Frank Marshall.
Duel, 1971, Action, Steven Spielberg.
Goodfellas, 1990, Biography/Crime/Drama, Martin Scorsese
Gus Van Sant. 1998. Psycho
Ingmar Bergman. 1957. Smultronstället (wood strawberry)
Milk, 2009, Biography/Drama/History, Gus Van Sant
Puss in Boots, 2011, Animation/Adventure/Comedy, Chris Miller.
Quill, 2004, Drama, Yoichi Sai
The Bucket List, 2008, Adventure/Comedy, Rob Reiner
Yimou Zhang. 2009. A simple noodle Story.
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